Researchers analyzed samples of Ziyang black tea and extracted a polysaccharide from it, which was found to consist primarily of galactose, arabinose, and glucose. The study, published in the journal Food & Function, examined the substance's effects on rodents fed a high-fat diet.
The polysaccharide inhibited weight gain in the animals, reduced fat deposits, and lowered the proportion of fat in the liver. Further analysis revealed that the substance accelerated energy expenditure; it facilitated the transition of white adipose tissue into a more active state, in which the tissue generates heat and burns calories.
Furthermore, the polysaccharide improved the gut microbiota. The population of beneficial bacteria—including Akkermansia and Lactobacillus, increased, as did the production of short-chain fatty acids. Experiments involving antibiotics demonstrated that these shifts in the gut microbiota are indeed crucial for enabling adipose tissue to expend energy more actively.
The authors suggest that black tea polysaccharides could form the basis for agents designed to prevent obesity. It should be noted, however, that these findings have so far only been observed in mice.
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